Book Review: 'The Discreet Hero' (Mario Vargas Llosa)

5/31/16


The Discreet Hero, Nobelist Mario Vargas Llosa's 2013 novel, follows a theme seen in his earlier writings--  the individual faced with an unfair or corrupt system. In this case, there are parallel stories of two older Peruvian businessmen, each with their own battle. Felicito, owner of a trucking company in the provincial city of Piura, receives threatening notes from an extortionist demanding monthly payments for safety, signed with a picture of a spider. Rigoberto, a manager in an insurance company in Lima, does a favor for his boss and longtime friend, Ismael. Although approaching 80, Ismael has decided to marry his much younger housekeeper, for companionship but also to thwart his good-for-nothing sons, who clearly wish he were dead. He asks Ismael to be a witness at his wedding, knowing that there will be a scandal and an uproar.

In both cases, the two men do the right thing. Felicito refuses to pay the extortionists, against the advice of his colleagues who do pay and consider it the cost of doing business. Rigoberto agrees to be a witness to the controversial marriage.  Both end up in a lot of trouble.       Felicio's business is firebombed.  Rigoberto must deal with lawsuits brought by Isamael's sons, and additionally his own son begins to have hallucinatory experiences in which he has visits from Edilberto Torres, who Rigoberto comes to believe is the devil.

The two stories ultimately come together, in a surprising manner.  Here we find a kind of growth in Llosa's outlook.  In the past, the focus has been on an individual's struggles with a malign system, whether it be a military academy (The time of the hero) or a dictatorship (The feast of the goat). In this case, the evil comes from within (without giving too much away, from someone who would normally be expected to be loving and caring). My own feeling is that Llosa made this clear enough already, but he spells it out in the story of his own decent son Fonchito, who is tempted by the devil.  
The Discreet Hero did not leave me with the feeling of wonder that I experienced when I finished Marquez' 'Love in the Time of Cholera'. But it is a well-crafted tale that emphasizes the importance of doing what one thinks is right, even when the evil one faces is close to home.

 


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Book review: 'Love in the time of cholera' (Marquez)

5/28/16

I just finished Gabriel Garcia Marquez's  'Love in the time of cholera'. Published in Spanish in 1985 and in English a few years later, it's been seen as many things, including a testimony to the power of a lifelong love, much in the spirit of Isabel Allende's more recent 'The Japanese lover'.  Unlike the latter, the lovers are united a half century later, but it's a bit more complicated than that.  

It begins as a Romeo-and-Juliet story in the 1880s in an imaginary South American city modeled in part on Cartagena. Florentino and Fermina, two shy adolescents, meet and fall for each other and carry on a romance primarily by means of passionate letters and telegrams.  Her father, alarmed at her involvement with an unpromising suitor, takes her away until her feelings seem to subside.  On her return, he matches her with Dr. Juvenal Urbino, a much more suitable 'catch'. The two men could not be more unlike each other: Florentino is a fiery poet, full of feeling both spiritual and profane; in contrast, Dr. Urbino is calm, rational, and devoted to improving the world. (There is something about him that makes it more natural to call him Dr. Urbino, and not Juvenal.)   His goal is to wipe out the illness cholera, which ravages the area.  The word has a double meaning, as la cholera also refers to rage, and in a broader way to passion.  So Dr. Urbino is devoted to wiping away both the ravages of a disease, and one suspects, passion in all things, including his marriage.

Some fifty-one years later, Dr. Urbino dies in a senseless way, falling off a ladder while trying to retrieve the family's pet parrot from a tree.  On the day of the funeral, as everyone is leaving, Florentino appears and declares his love for Fermina.  Furious at being approached at such a moment, she sends him away. 

At this point the story jumps back to describe what has been happening since the two were first separated so many years ago.  Florentino goes to work for his uncle at the riverboat company, and ultimately becomes the boss. The paddle boats burn firewood, and over the decades they consume all the trees until the riverbank becomes a wasteland. For Florentino, yet one more kind of fire has consumed all, and suggests the end of passion, if not of life.  In the meantime the cholera rages on, as does seemingly endless warfare, twin plagues that last so long that they begin to feel like the natural order of things.  Another presence throughout the book is the Magdalena River, on which Florentino's boats paddle far into mysterious and remote locales.

It also turns out that both men are not quite what they seem. Florentino is not just Romeo, largely defined by his love for Juliet. In fact he is a bit of a philanderer, who with a precision that belies his impulsive poetic nature, has kept careful count and announces that he has had 622 romantic liaisons, plus many more casual encounters.  The straight-laced Dr. Urbino had had an affair with a patient, and liked to read literature sympathetic to the Nazis.

Ultimately, Florentino's pursuit of Fermina is successful, and the aging couple embark on a journey in a way too beautiful to describe (and to give away here).  Marquez has explored the possibility that declarations of love made in youth when, death seems remote, can have meaning in old age when infirmity is just around the corner. The book is a heady exploration of how a mix of passion, rationality and social expectations, brewed together in the shadow of mortality, resulted in something the young lovers never could have imagined.







 


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Orchids

5/26/16

Orchids live on every continent except Antarctica.  Though most are tropical plants, they are found from the Arctic to the southern tip of South America.  Some could sit comfortably on your fingernail; others can reach 40 feet in height, and some vine-like forms can be 100 feet long.  Modern Western interest in orchids began in the early nineteenth century when a British naturalist found some in Brazil, shipped them to the Glasgow Botanical Gardens, and they ultimately were brought to bloom by his colleague William Cattley. The Cattleyas, named after him, have over 100 species, and have become a source of fascination around the world.

Orchids pop up in surprising ways in popular culture and literature.  I remember as a boy one of my favorite comic strips was Brenda Starr, who was in love with Basil, an eye-patched adventurer with a rare disease, held in check only by doses of the serum of the black orchid.  Mystery aficionados no doubt remember Rex Stout's reclusive, corpulent detective Nero Wolfe, whose happiest hours were spent growing orchids in his Manhattan greenhouse (www.nerowolfe.org).  In Marcel Proust's novel 'Remembrance of things past', Swann and Odette gently agree 'to do a cattleya', meaning to engage in loving activities. The name of the 2011 French action film 'Colombiana' has a double meaning, referring both to a woman from Colombia and a genus of orchids.  The heroine, Cattleya, who had witnessed the murder of her family as a child, grows up to be an assassin who leaves her victims with a flower as a calling card.  What is it about orchids that inspires the imagination in all these different ways? 

 


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Welcome to my blog!

5/25/16

Narrative-- putting things into the form of stories-- is a basic way in which we come to understand and remember things. A good example is the Bible: One of the reasons it is the most widely read book of all time in the Western world is that much of it is composed of parables. One wonders if it would have the same universal appeal if it were made up mostly of abstract religious tracts.  Narratives can be visual or verbal, spoken or read. Among the oldest professions (and with apologies to another for which that claim has often been made) have been the storyteller and what we would now call the psychotherapist. In early societies without widespread literacy, the storyteller was the means of passing along information important to the group, making a narrative of its origins, confirming its values, and allowing listeners to share in events and feelings outside their experience. As a modern psychotherapist, my work involves a person's internal narratives, sometimes suggesting that the way a person has put together the story of what happened to him may not be the only way of looking at it, and sometimes helping to put together a more useful story.  Dreams, too, can be seen as the mind's attempt to put together a story that makes sense of often disturbing events.  In later posts I'll talk about how modern dream research suggests a healing function of dreams, how they can help one absorb and master upsetting things which have happened.  But for now, I just wanted to share with you some of the thoughts I have when reading literature, at the same time experiencing new places and events and feelings, and perhaps feeling a kind of healing process at work.  

I'm viewing this blog as a dialog, and would enjoy hearing your thoughts.
      

 


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